Clothing in Layers for the Mountains

Clothing in Layers for the Mountains

Every time you are heading to the mountains, it is common to be uncertain about the right kind of clothing to carry on your trip. Many people are unsure about how and when to use their warm clothing and many more are of the misconception that more layers the better. But to get it right and enjoy your experience in the mountains instead of feeling too cold or too warm while going through ever changing mountain weather, it is important to understand the concept of layering.

Layering is done to keep your body temperature comfortable at all times with least clothing bulk and weight as possible.

Layering makes it easy to adapt to fluctuating temperatures and conditions in the mountains. The best part about the layering system is that you can quickly add or remove layers depending on how hot/ cold you feel. Since different layers have different functions we can mix and match them for a vast range of temperatures & weather conditions. Wearing a few different layers can be warmer and lighter than wearing one bulky layer and you always have the flexibility to take the layer/s off if you start feeling too hot. When we wear clothes in layers air gets trapped between them and adds to the overall insulation/ warmth. Knowing the materials and functions of each of the layers will help you better understand the system of layering, so lets go through them.
 

BASE LAYER/ THERMALS It is the next to skin layer and hence collects most sweat. The layer is meant to let the moisture away, keep your body dry and in turn regulate your body temperature. For the purpose, Merino Wool and Synthetics with snug fit are used as it dries quickly unlike cotton.

MID LAYER(s)
1. Fleece/Polartec - This is your second layer after the base layer and the fabric should be stretchable fleece or Polartec which traps your body heat and keeps you warm. The main drawback of fleece is that it doesn't breathe well but newer materials like Polartec and Thinsulate have improved on it. Upside of the material is that it is lightweight and works even when wet.
2. Synthetic Down - This is your insulation layer which provides loft and warmth. It is ideal when you are relaxing at camp or during very cold weather during your aerobic activity.
3. Goose Down - It is a natural fiber which provides you with extra insulation in extremely cold conditions. It is extremely light and packable and can be used over the synthetic down in extreme conditions or used independently over your fleece.

HARD SHELL Hard Shell are technical jackets which are extremely waterproof and windproof. They protect you from really harsh weather be it rain or snow and are most functional (and expensive) jackets. The Popular materials are Gore-Tex or eVent which provides great protection along with superior breathability and are a must in alpine and winter sports.

HOW TO DECIDE ON THE LAYERS? So now that you know the different fabrics and it's functions, it will be easier to understand the layers you need to put on, be it during a hike or a cold summit push. Your layering system should be based on your activity and the weather conditions. When you are not active or while relaxing at camp you should always have your base layer, a fleece layer and a down insulator on.
 

On the trail when you are active, your layering should be based on the weather.

- On a warm day you can hike with just a base layer or a half sleeve t-shirt. But make sure to have your fleece and shell jacket in your day packs for stormy weather later in the afternoon.

- On a cool day you can wear a base layer along with a fleece jacket.

- On cold days and usually in high altitude, climbers use a three layer system - a base layer, a fleece and a hardshell jacket on top.

- In extremely cold weather or during a summit push you should put on a synthetic down or a goose down or both depending on how cold it is outside under the hardshell jacket for maximum protection from the cold. Here's a small instructional video we shot on a trek in Sikkim which will help you understand the concept better. French rock climber and outdoor writer David Chambre shows the way.

Watch on YouTube: Clothing in Layers for the Mountains

So next time you head to the mountains, choose your layers accordingly to have a comfortable and enjoyable experience without worrying about the cold!

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